The Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange Group (MICEX) is an independent close joint-stock company established and owned by major Russian commercial banks and the Central Bank of the Russian Federation from 1992. It is the group of organizations providing trading, settlement, clearing and depository services for Russian and foreign investors. The MICEX Group is comprised of the MICEX, the MICEX Stock Exchange, the National Mercantile Exchange, the MICEX Settlement House, the National Depositary Center, the National Clearing Center, and regional exchanges.
With the total annual trading of 926 billion US dollars, the MICEX is the largest exchange in the Russian Federation, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and Eastern Europe. Having adopted the effective system of risk management, the MICEX Foreign Exchange Sector has achieved the total value of transactions amounting to 592 billion US dollars mainly trading in the Euro and the US dollar currencies.
The MICEX Stock Exchange (SE) lists securities of approximately 170 Russian issuers such as blue chips Gazprom, LUkoil, or Novatek. About 550 organizations with over 130 thousand registered investors trade on the MICEX SE. The Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange SE operated transactions of 226 million dollars value in 2005. The success of the MISEX SE operations is reflected in the MISEX Index that grew by even 83% in 2005.
Corporate bonds have recently become the main source for attracting investors in the MICEX. The MICEX SE trades corporate bonds of over 210 Russian companies. Over 126 companies placed their bonds on the MICEX SE just in 2005. Since 2003 the MICEX Corporate Bonds Index reflects the dynamics of the bonds market.
Trading on the MICEX is held electronically through the System of Electronic Trading (SELT). The core of MICEX's trading network is two computing centers that are linked with more than 2000 remote work stations, installed in banks and other financial institutions in Russia and abroad. About 70 percent of securities transactions in the MICEX are conducted through the Internet.
All foreign investors wishing to trade on the MICEX first have to receive the access to the GL NET network and register with one of Russian brokers that are also connected to the GL NET. So far, there are three Russian brokers having the access and about 3.5 thousand large foreign institutional investors trading on the MICEX.
Friday, March 27, 2009
Stock Exchanges
The history of stock exchanges can be traced to 12th century France, when the first brokers are believed to have developed, trading in debt and government securities. Unofficial share markets existed across Europe through the 1600s, where brokers would meet outside or in coffee houses to make trades. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, created in 1602, became the first official stock exchange when it began trading shares of the Dutch East India Company. These were the first company shares ever issued.
By the early 1700s there were fully operational stock exchanges in France and England, and America followed in the later part of the century. Share exchanges became an important way for companies to raise capital for investment, while also offering investors the opportunity to share in company profits. The early days of the stock exchange experienced many scandals and share crashes, as there was little to no regulation and almost anyone was allowed to participate in the exchange.
Today, stock exchanges operate around the world, and they have become highly regulated institutions. Investors wanting to buy and sell shares must do so through a share broker, who pays to own a seat on the exchange. Companies with shares traded on an exchange are said to be 'listed' and they must meet specific criteria, which varies across exchanges. Most stock exchanges began as floor exchanges, where traders made deals face-to-face. The largest stock exchange in the world, the New York Stock Exchange, continues to operate this way, but most of the world's exchanges have now become fully electronic.
If any of the information stated here or in any of the exchange descriptions is believed to be incorrect, please email ADVFN and any necessary corrections will be made.
By the early 1700s there were fully operational stock exchanges in France and England, and America followed in the later part of the century. Share exchanges became an important way for companies to raise capital for investment, while also offering investors the opportunity to share in company profits. The early days of the stock exchange experienced many scandals and share crashes, as there was little to no regulation and almost anyone was allowed to participate in the exchange.
Today, stock exchanges operate around the world, and they have become highly regulated institutions. Investors wanting to buy and sell shares must do so through a share broker, who pays to own a seat on the exchange. Companies with shares traded on an exchange are said to be 'listed' and they must meet specific criteria, which varies across exchanges. Most stock exchanges began as floor exchanges, where traders made deals face-to-face. The largest stock exchange in the world, the New York Stock Exchange, continues to operate this way, but most of the world's exchanges have now become fully electronic.
If any of the information stated here or in any of the exchange descriptions is believed to be incorrect, please email ADVFN and any necessary corrections will be made.
American Stock Exchange (AMEX)
The American Stock Exchange is the third largest stock exchange in the U.S. after the NYSE and the NASDAQ, handling approximately 10% of American trades. The American Stock Exchange lists companies from all different industries and of all different sizes. However, the exchange is known as having the least strict listing requirements among the three top American exchanges, which results in many small companies joining the exchange. Once a major competitor of the NYSE, the American Stock Exchange is now mostly known for trading in small cap stocks, options, and exchange traded funds. The exchange is owned by NASD (National Association of Securities Dealers), but operated as a separate exchange from the NASDAQ.
As an auction market, the AMEX conducts its business on a trading floor through brokers and specialists. Each security traded on the exchange is handled by a specialist, whose job it is to bring buyers and sellers together, and ensure that a fair market price is obtained for both parties. It is also a specialist's job to ensure that a market remains liquid, by buying or selling from their own account if no one else will. Brokers move around the floor, bringing buy and sell orders to the different specialists on behalf of their clients.
The AMEX options exchange is one of the largest in the world, with over 1,700 options traded on stocks, American Depository Receipts, indexes, exchange traded funds, and HOLDRS. In addition, the AMEX has an extensive market for exchange traded funds as they were the first to trade in this market. The AMEX has a listing of over 140 ETFs on general stock markets, industries, corporate bond indexes and more.
As an auction market, the AMEX conducts its business on a trading floor through brokers and specialists. Each security traded on the exchange is handled by a specialist, whose job it is to bring buyers and sellers together, and ensure that a fair market price is obtained for both parties. It is also a specialist's job to ensure that a market remains liquid, by buying or selling from their own account if no one else will. Brokers move around the floor, bringing buy and sell orders to the different specialists on behalf of their clients.
The AMEX options exchange is one of the largest in the world, with over 1,700 options traded on stocks, American Depository Receipts, indexes, exchange traded funds, and HOLDRS. In addition, the AMEX has an extensive market for exchange traded funds as they were the first to trade in this market. The AMEX has a listing of over 140 ETFs on general stock markets, industries, corporate bond indexes and more.
Dubai Stock Exchange (DIFX)
The Dubai International Financial Exchange (DIFX) owned by the sole shareholder Dubai International Financial Centre Authority (DIFC), launched Dubai securities trading market in September 2005. As the DIFX is situated in the newly established financial free zone DIFC, all the operations of the Exchange together with all other financial activities in the DIFC are regulated by the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA).
The DIFX is a fast-growing company seeking high goals. Although it started operating with four members on the board, the Exchange already has 13 member banks. It is expecting to have up to 40 members by the 2006 year-end. Also the governance of the DIFX is seeking to list 10 to 15 IPOs and to gain the market capitalization of minimum US$ 50 million by the end of 2006.
The Dubai Stock Exchange provides its members with one-stop solution to trading, clearing, and settlement through the fully electronic AtosEuronext Market Solutions NSC system. The Exchange does not require members to use a specific trading terminal, as a technical connection is offered.
The trading on the DIFX is operated through an anonymous hybrid system that combines order-driven systems with market making. Each member trading on the Dubai International Financial Exchange platform must either be a Clearing member of the DIFX or have relationship with a DIFX Clearing Member firm.
It is the first exchange in its region that has been created to list securities from many different countries. The Dubai Stock Exchange provides an opportunity for international investors to invest in the Middle East, North and South Africa, Turkey, Central Asia, and the Indian sub continent. To attract foreign investment, the DIFX's preferred trading currency is US dollar. In addition, the Dubai International Financial Exchange also has the capability to trade in Euros and Sterling on request. Unlike other independent exchanges in the region, the DIFX does not have limits on foreign ownership. The Dubai International Financial Exchange intends to bridge the gap between the Middle East markets and the markets in London, Singapore and Hong Kong
The DIFX is a fast-growing company seeking high goals. Although it started operating with four members on the board, the Exchange already has 13 member banks. It is expecting to have up to 40 members by the 2006 year-end. Also the governance of the DIFX is seeking to list 10 to 15 IPOs and to gain the market capitalization of minimum US$ 50 million by the end of 2006.
The Dubai Stock Exchange provides its members with one-stop solution to trading, clearing, and settlement through the fully electronic AtosEuronext Market Solutions NSC system. The Exchange does not require members to use a specific trading terminal, as a technical connection is offered.
The trading on the DIFX is operated through an anonymous hybrid system that combines order-driven systems with market making. Each member trading on the Dubai International Financial Exchange platform must either be a Clearing member of the DIFX or have relationship with a DIFX Clearing Member firm.
It is the first exchange in its region that has been created to list securities from many different countries. The Dubai Stock Exchange provides an opportunity for international investors to invest in the Middle East, North and South Africa, Turkey, Central Asia, and the Indian sub continent. To attract foreign investment, the DIFX's preferred trading currency is US dollar. In addition, the Dubai International Financial Exchange also has the capability to trade in Euros and Sterling on request. Unlike other independent exchanges in the region, the DIFX does not have limits on foreign ownership. The Dubai International Financial Exchange intends to bridge the gap between the Middle East markets and the markets in London, Singapore and Hong Kong
Australian Stock Exchange (ASX)
With 1,515 companies listed and total market capitalization of billion, the Australian Stock Exchange was the eighth largest exchange in the world at the end of 2004. Although it is one of the newer exchanges, it has shown significant growth over the last fifteen years.
The Australian Stock Exchange is a fully electronic exchange, using SEATS (Stock Exchange Automated Trading System) for the trading of stocks, warrants, fixed-interest securities, and company-issued options and rights. Under this system, trade orders can be placed online through a broker and when a buy and sell match, the order is automatically executed.
The most popular index for the Australian Stock Exchange is the S&P ASX 200, made up of the 200 top shares on the exchange. Some of the other popular indices are the S&P ASX 300 for a broader view of the exchange's performance, and the S&P ASX 20, which is made up of 20 ASX stocks with the highest market capitalization.
The Australian Stock Exchange is a fully electronic exchange, using SEATS (Stock Exchange Automated Trading System) for the trading of stocks, warrants, fixed-interest securities, and company-issued options and rights. Under this system, trade orders can be placed online through a broker and when a buy and sell match, the order is automatically executed.
The most popular index for the Australian Stock Exchange is the S&P ASX 200, made up of the 200 top shares on the exchange. Some of the other popular indices are the S&P ASX 300 for a broader view of the exchange's performance, and the S&P ASX 20, which is made up of 20 ASX stocks with the highest market capitalization.
Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE)
The Tokyo Stock exchange is one of the more important world exchanges, trading an average of 1,540 million shares per day. It is one of five exchanges in Japan, but with 2,276 companies listed, the Tokyo Stock Exchange is by far the largest. Most of the TSE's listings are domestic, although it also trades shares for 30 international companies.
The Tokyo Stock Exchange uses an electronic, continuous auction system of trading. This means that brokers place orders online and when a buy and sell price match, the trade is automatically executed. Deals are made directly between buyer and seller, rather than through a market maker. The TSE uses price controls so that the price of a stock cannot rise or fall below a certain point throughout the day. These controls are used to prevent dramatic swings in prices that may lead to market uncertainty or stock crashes. If a major swing in price occurs, the exchange can stop trading on that stock for a specified period of time.
Stocks listed on the TSE are assigned to one of three markets: the First Section, Second Section, or Mothers (market of the high-growth and emerging stocks). The highest listing criteria must be met for the First Section and all newly listed stocks begin on the Second Section, with less strict requirements. Stocks for high growth, emerging companies are listed on the Mothers market. The exchange undergoes a review at the end of each year, where the decision of whether any stocks will be moved either up or down is made. The First Section currently has the most companies, with 1,595 listings.
The Tokyo Stock Exchange also has a significant market for derivatives, which has been operating for twenty years. The TSE lists futures and options in indexes, equities, and Japanese government bonds
The Tokyo Stock Exchange uses an electronic, continuous auction system of trading. This means that brokers place orders online and when a buy and sell price match, the trade is automatically executed. Deals are made directly between buyer and seller, rather than through a market maker. The TSE uses price controls so that the price of a stock cannot rise or fall below a certain point throughout the day. These controls are used to prevent dramatic swings in prices that may lead to market uncertainty or stock crashes. If a major swing in price occurs, the exchange can stop trading on that stock for a specified period of time.
Stocks listed on the TSE are assigned to one of three markets: the First Section, Second Section, or Mothers (market of the high-growth and emerging stocks). The highest listing criteria must be met for the First Section and all newly listed stocks begin on the Second Section, with less strict requirements. Stocks for high growth, emerging companies are listed on the Mothers market. The exchange undergoes a review at the end of each year, where the decision of whether any stocks will be moved either up or down is made. The First Section currently has the most companies, with 1,595 listings.
The Tokyo Stock Exchange also has a significant market for derivatives, which has been operating for twenty years. The TSE lists futures and options in indexes, equities, and Japanese government bonds
Hong Kong Stock Exchange (HKSE)l
Although the trade of securities began in the middle of the 19th c., Hong Kong Stock Exchange was established at the end of the century. Today with its total securities market capitalization of a record sum of HK$ 8,260.3 billion (US$ 1,063.9 trillion), the HKSE ranks 8th place by market capitalization in the world.
The HKSE has 4338 stocks listed on the exchange with the market turnover of HK$4,520.4 billion (US$ 0,582.2 trillion) in 2005. The turnover increased by 14% from the previous year. Local institutional and retail investors are the main contributors of market turnover (56%). The exchange also has a leading derivatives market in the Asia-Pacific region with the daily turnover of 103.332 contracts per day that has increased by even 30% from 2004.
In 2000, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited together with Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited merged under a single exchange HKEx. HKEx listed its shares on the stock exchange in June 2000.
The trading system of the Exchange is an order-driven system. HKEx securities market operates on two trading platforms - the Main Board and the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM). Each trading platform has a different set of requirements. The Main Board is the market for capital growth by established companies that meet profit requirements. Meanwhile, the Growth Enterprise Market provides a fund raising venue for 'high growth, high risk' companies. It promotes the development of technology industries and venture capital investments.
In October 2000, HKEx developed a trading system AMS/3 consisting of four components - Trading Terminal, Multi-Workstation System ('MWS'), Broker Supplied System ('BSS'), and Order Routing System ('ORS') that investors can choose among. The ORS allows investors to place requests electronically. In addition to trading through terminals in the Trading Hall, exchange participants are enabled to trade from their offices through installed off-floor terminals.
The HKSE has the leading index the Hang Seng for shares traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that was introduced in 1969. The Hang Seng index consisting of the 33 largest companies traded on the exchange represent around 70% of the value of all stocks traded on the HKSE
The HKSE has 4338 stocks listed on the exchange with the market turnover of HK$4,520.4 billion (US$ 0,582.2 trillion) in 2005. The turnover increased by 14% from the previous year. Local institutional and retail investors are the main contributors of market turnover (56%). The exchange also has a leading derivatives market in the Asia-Pacific region with the daily turnover of 103.332 contracts per day that has increased by even 30% from 2004.
In 2000, the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited together with Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited merged under a single exchange HKEx. HKEx listed its shares on the stock exchange in June 2000.
The trading system of the Exchange is an order-driven system. HKEx securities market operates on two trading platforms - the Main Board and the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM). Each trading platform has a different set of requirements. The Main Board is the market for capital growth by established companies that meet profit requirements. Meanwhile, the Growth Enterprise Market provides a fund raising venue for 'high growth, high risk' companies. It promotes the development of technology industries and venture capital investments.
In October 2000, HKEx developed a trading system AMS/3 consisting of four components - Trading Terminal, Multi-Workstation System ('MWS'), Broker Supplied System ('BSS'), and Order Routing System ('ORS') that investors can choose among. The ORS allows investors to place requests electronically. In addition to trading through terminals in the Trading Hall, exchange participants are enabled to trade from their offices through installed off-floor terminals.
The HKSE has the leading index the Hang Seng for shares traded on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that was introduced in 1969. The Hang Seng index consisting of the 33 largest companies traded on the exchange represent around 70% of the value of all stocks traded on the HKSE
Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE)
Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) is the biggest and most liquid exchange in Pakistan with the average daily turnover of 525.15 million shares and market capitalization of US $ 54.28 billion. The international magazine 'Business Week' announced the KSE as the best performing world stock market in 2002. Since then the KSE continuously maintains the reputation as one of the best performing markets in the world.
Since 1991, foreign investors have an equal opportunity together with local investors to operate in the secondary capital market on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The establishment of the new policy for foreign investors and initiated privatization in Pakistan has accelerated the development of the KSE, which had even 663 companies listed in 2006. In addition, companies have a choice to be listed on one of the two markets - the ready market and the over-the-counter (OTC) market, which has lesser listing requirements. While the ready market requires listing companies to have minimum paid up capital of Rs 200 million (about UK ? 1.8 m), the companies with minimum of Rs 100 million can be listed on the OTC market.
The Karachi Stock Exchange trades the KSE-100 Index. It is a highly-diversified index of 100 largest capitalization companies' stocks from all sectors of Pakistan economy. A constantly revised index is a good indicator of the overall Exchange performance over a period of time. In 2005, 88% of the KSE total market capitalization was represented by the KSE-100 Index.
The membership in the Karachi Stock Exchange is limited. Only 200 individual and corporate entities can register as members in the KSE. In 2005, 162 members traded actively on the Exchange. In addition, foreign corporate entities may also become the members of the KSE with the condition that the nominee member of the company is a citizen of Pakistan
Since 1991, foreign investors have an equal opportunity together with local investors to operate in the secondary capital market on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The establishment of the new policy for foreign investors and initiated privatization in Pakistan has accelerated the development of the KSE, which had even 663 companies listed in 2006. In addition, companies have a choice to be listed on one of the two markets - the ready market and the over-the-counter (OTC) market, which has lesser listing requirements. While the ready market requires listing companies to have minimum paid up capital of Rs 200 million (about UK ? 1.8 m), the companies with minimum of Rs 100 million can be listed on the OTC market.
The Karachi Stock Exchange trades the KSE-100 Index. It is a highly-diversified index of 100 largest capitalization companies' stocks from all sectors of Pakistan economy. A constantly revised index is a good indicator of the overall Exchange performance over a period of time. In 2005, 88% of the KSE total market capitalization was represented by the KSE-100 Index.
The membership in the Karachi Stock Exchange is limited. Only 200 individual and corporate entities can register as members in the KSE. In 2005, 162 members traded actively on the Exchange. In addition, foreign corporate entities may also become the members of the KSE with the condition that the nominee member of the company is a citizen of Pakistan
Tuesday, March 24, 2009
DialUp Net Now Offers with ANY hosting plan! Few can offer you the network you need to take care of business efficiently,
DialUp Net is a National Internet Service Provider (ISP) providing Nationwide Internet Access for the United States, Web Hosting and E-Commerce solutions for the world , and much more.
High speed access, reliability and great personal service is what sets us apart. DialUp Net's super high speed, supervised bandwidth provided by an Awesome OC192 and multiple backup OC-48 connections, helps ensure that you can easily access the Web, send and retrieve e-mail, and transfer file
High speed access, reliability and great personal service is what sets us apart. DialUp Net's super high speed, supervised bandwidth provided by an Awesome OC192 and multiple backup OC-48 connections, helps ensure that you can easily access the Web, send and retrieve e-mail, and transfer file
INSTALLING WINDOWS
Clean Install Windows XP
- Click here to skip to "Steps to Clean Install XP"
- Prepping for a Clean install
- Microsoft XP boot floppies
- Specialized floppy boot disk
Since XP is now on Service Pack 2, if your XP CD does not include SP2, I highly recommend creating a slipstreamed XP CD with SP2 to use for the Clean Install.
| If setup returns a message the partition contains the setup files and cannot be deleted use the info from this link: Delete NON-DOS Partition | ||||||||||||
| 10c If you intend to use multiple partitions, or dual boot, this is where you specify the size of the boot partition and or setup location for XP. If you are planning to dual boot XP, I would create a small 100 meg DOS partition for the first primary partition, then an 8 to 10 gig partition for XP. You can partition and format the remaining space after XP is setup from Disk Manager. If you do not intend to dual boot, you can either use all the un-partitioned space, or create an 8 to 10 gig partition for XP and leave the rest free to partition later. Choose the file system from this screen. If dual booting and you created the small 100 meg partition, make it a fat partition. NTFS is configured at the optimal file size during the initial setup. See this link for more on NTFS Press Enter to continu
|
Friday, March 20, 2009
Thursday, March 19, 2009
Wednesday, March 18, 2009
Monday, March 16, 2009
Friday, March 13, 2009
Sunday, March 8, 2009
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-128a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-127a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-126a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-125a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-124a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-123a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-122a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-121a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-120a.jpg)
/katrina%20kaif/katrina-kaif-119a.jpg)